Which treatment is often used for pediatric patients experiencing asthma exacerbations?

Bronchodilators and corticosteroids are the primary treatments used for pediatric patients experiencing asthma exacerbations due to their targeted effects on the respiratory system. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways, leading to dilation and improved airflow, which is crucial during an asthma attack when airway constriction occurs. These medications can provide rapid relief of acute symptoms.

Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that help to reduce swelling and inflammation in the airways, addressing the underlying cause of asthma exacerbations. They are also essential for long-term management and control of asthma symptoms.

The other treatment options listed do not effectively address the immediate respiratory distress and inflammation associated with asthma exacerbations. Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections, which may not be relevant in an asthma attack. Diuretics primarily address fluid overload or heart-related conditions rather than respiratory issues. Antihistamines and inhaled steroids, while beneficial in certain allergic or chronic conditions, do not provide the immediate bronchodilation required during an acute asthma exacerbation.