A caregiver reports their one-month-old has yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which body system is at risk if untreated?

The presence of yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice, is primarily related to bilirubin buildup in the body. In an infant, particularly one so young, jaundice often indicates an issue with the liver or the ability to process bilirubin. While jaundice can indeed affect the integumentary system as it manifests primarily in the skin's color, the underlying concern typically involves the liver and, if untreated, can lead to serious complications.

If bilirubin levels remain elevated without intervention, there is a significant risk of neurological damage. This condition, known as kernicterus, can occur when bilirubin crosses the blood-brain barrier and affects the central nervous system. Therefore, the neurological system is at significant risk if jaundice is not addressed promptly. It is essential for caregivers to seek medical evaluation for jaundice in infants, as improper management can lead to serious health consequences, particularly for the neurological system.

While jaundice does manifest visibly in the skin (indicating involvement of the integumentary system), the long-term implications of untreated jaundice primarily threaten the neurological system rather than solely the outer layers of skin or other body systems.